The amount of solar radiation reaching the ground, as well as the formation of cloud droplets occur on the molecular scale, and so they must be parameterized before they can be included in the model.
At the molecular scale, cyclization during polymerization is so extensive that it cannot be neglected or treated statistically.
It is usually not possible to assess these complex systems directly so proxies for molecular scale behaviour are needed.
These tools allow for crystal engineering beyond the molecular scale extending over the meso and macro scales, so that certain degree of multi-scale design is already possible.
On a molecular scale, the proteins are relatively large, so they cannot be recognized as a whole; instead, their segments, called epitopes, can be recognized.
Whereas systems biology may have so far focused primarily on the molecular scale, systems medicine must directly incorporate mesoscale clinical information into its models; in particular, classic clinical variables, biomarkers, and medical imaging data.
However, small ice crystals form during FS processing, and staining is not uniform, so that the results are not reliable on the molecular scale.
Ideally, researchers wanted to use these strategies to specify how molecules came together on the basis of external conditions so that the researchers could easily construct precise reproducible systems that assembled predictably on a molecular scale.
3) They confuse structural observations with energetic ones, so their speculations about "withstanding high pressures" (moreover, is 40 atm really that high, on a molecular scale?) are misplaced.
Furthermore, all domestication events are young on an evolutionary scale, so there has been only a short period of time for differences in tempo and mode of molecular evolution to make a detectable impression on patterns of sequence differences.
