Sentence examples for molecular responses triggered from inspiring English sources

Hypotheses provide a better understanding of the molecular responses triggered within the exposed biological system.

Given that cigarette smoke is the major cause of COPD, many groups are investigating the cellular and molecular responses triggered by cigarette smoke [ 14– 16, 43– 67].

To better define the molecular response triggered by maltonis, we evaluated the expression of genes known to regulate cell cycle progression, proliferation and apoptotic response by Q-PCR [ 11].

To investigate the molecular aspects of proinflammatory gene regulation in AC16 cells, we first characterized responses triggered by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).

To understand the innate immune responses triggered by this unculturable intracellular bacterium, we studied the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that triggered immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana, using the flg22 Lso peptide and the full length fla Lso gene.

Whereas TLRs are critical for detecting molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens [16] [20], IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) is important for amplifying inflammatory responses triggered by microbial pathogens [21].

In this context, it is a priority for the future oncology practice to clarify the molecular mechanisms associated with the immune response triggered by immunogenic tumor cell death.

In this review we evaluate cellular and molecular markers pertinent to the immunological response triggered by the BCG instillation and respective mathematical models of the treatment.

Also, the inflammatory response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns through Toll-like receptors (TLR) activates a fast response by the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) pathway.

Similarly, Colorado potato beetle larvae were shown to exploit the conserved non-host resistance response triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns to counteract host defenses in tomato [ 86].

The gene expression profiles at the 3 hrs time point is considered to reflect an early host response triggered mainly by pathogen-associated molecular patterns.