SPIONs have demonstrated their utility as non-invasive molecular probes to monitor biological processes, particularly by enhancing magnetic resonance (MR) contrast in MR imaging which allows monitoring of anatomical changes as well as physiological and molecular changes [20, 21].
Total RNA was immediately isolated using Qiazol lysis reagent and RNEasy Mini Kit columns (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's protocol as described [30], [31] RNA quantity and integrity was assessed using the RiboGreen RNA Quantitation Kit (Molecular Probes), and samples were processed and hybridized to the Affymetrix MOE430 2.0 mouse genome chips at the London Regional Genomics Facility.
Appropriately radiolabeled Cdk4 inhibitors are discussed as promising molecular probes for imaging cell proliferation processes and tumor visualization by PET.
Cytochemical staining of β-hydroxysterols with filipin (25 μg ml−1 of filipin for 15 min) or of LDs with BODIPY493/503 dye [1 μM BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene, Molecular Probes) for 45 min] was processed and analysed by phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy as described (Mattos et al., 2011a).
However, obtaining regulatory approval for these molecular probes may be difficult and tedious process as seen in the case of the iron oxide nanoparticles.
Multiple methods have been described for imaging the temporal and spatial biodistribution of a molecular probe as well as related biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and gene activation and expression.
Multiple methods and biomarkers have now been described for imaging the temporal and spatial biodistribution of a molecular probe as well as related biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, hypoxia and gene activation and expression [20].
As negative control for TGF- β1 analysis, the primary antibody was substituted for by anti-green fluorescence protein (GFP) rabbit polyclonal antibodies (Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR, USA) and processed as described above.
Octyl-2-O-sulfo β-d-glucuronic acid may serve as a molecular probe to study the dengue virus entry process.
After 3.5 hours of growth, cells were labelled with FM4.64 (0.5 µg/ml; Molecular Probes), grown for another 30 mins, fixed, and processed for microscopy.
