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TLR are a family of pathogen recognition receptors that are triggered upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns expressed by a diverse group of infectious microorganisms.
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a family of type I transmembrane receptor proteins that are required for the recognition of various pathogen-associated molecular patterns expressed by a diverse group of infectious microorganisms, resulting in the activation of host immune responses [4].
TLRs are responsible for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns expressed by extracellular pathogens.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize conserved molecular patterns expressed by pathogens.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a family of pattern recognition receptors specifically designed to recognize broadly conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns expressed by microorganisms [ 3].
CTLRs can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns expressed on microbes, as well as ligands expressed on apoptotic and malignant endogenous cells.
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on broad microorganisms and initiate innate immune responses.
For example, LPS is the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) expressed on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Similar to TLRs, the NLRs recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns that are expressed by bacteria and then activate translocation of NFκB from the cytosol to the nucleus.
TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens) or damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (endogenous molecules released from necrotic or dying cells).
Receptors of the innate immune response, known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), recognise specific molecular motifs or signatures (often called pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs) expressed by invading pathogens [ 3], including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, lipopeptides, flagellin, bacterial CpG DNA and viral nucleic acids.
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