Choosing amongst the various molecular methods available for pandemic influenza surveillance requires consideration of both practical issues (e.g., broad availability, convenience, cost, and throughput) and scientific issues relevant to public health (e.g., sensitivity, breath of coverage, and the depth and value of the information provided).
Several molecular methods are available to detect the mutant genotypes including DNA sequencing and PCR-based methods.
It is also cheaper than the alternative rapid culture or molecular methods currently available.
A large number of molecular methods are available for the characterization of infra-specific M. tuberculosis strains.
Because species in the Streptococcus anginosus group are difficult to identify by routine biochemical tests, newer molecular methods are available to more accurately identify each species.
Although rapid molecular methods are available for detecting drug-resistant TB [ 13, 14, 16], the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of large-scale implementation in high-burden low-income settings need to be assessed.
At present, various molecular methods are available to distinguish these assemblages, mainly by nested-PCR followed by DNA sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), or by real-time PCR [ 31].
In a 2-year prospective study in a large pediatric hospital, we examined the contribution to HA-AGE and CA-AGE of rotavirus and 4 additional enteric viruses using the most sensitive molecular detection methods available.
This makes intuitive sense when considering that ancestor and descendant lineages are likely similar in body size, generation time, DNA repair efficiency, population size and other traits influencing rates of sequence evolution, and the most popular molecular dating methods available indeed implicitly assume that rates are autocorrelated across a tree [ 66, 67].
Primer sequences and detailed molecular method are available as an Additional file 1. Nomenclature of newly identified SLC25A13 variants is assigned following the guidelines of the Human Genome Variation Society (http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen) [ 35].
According to the WHO, validated methods that detect resistance within 2 3 weeks can be recommended for rapid testing when molecular methods are not available [20].
