Sentence examples for molecular level including from inspiring English sources

This also will speed up the effort to better understand how toxins interact with bodies and cells at a molecular level - including the interaction of genes and toxins that may or may not be contributing to a rise in certain diseases such as leukemia in children and brain cancer.

These earlier studies together point that uncovering regulatory mechanisms on aquaporins at the molecular level, including transcriptional and post-translational modifications, are indispensable to understand the physiological significance of L pr down-regulation upon salinity/osmotic stress in plants.

A total of six R genes at the Pik locus were characterized at the molecular level including Pikm from Tsuyuake (Ashikawa et al. 2008), Pik from Kusabue (Zhai et al. 2011), Pikp from K60 (Yuan et al. 2011), Pik from Kanto51 (Ashikawa et al. 2012), Pi1 from C101LAC (Hua et al. 2012), and Pikh from K3 (Zhai et al. 2014).

Glycans play highly specific, specialized roles at the molecular level, including cell-cell signaling, virus-receptor binding, immune responses, and protein folding and solubility.

Various processes can cause gene duplication on the molecular level, including unequal crossovers, retroposition, or whole chromosome/genome duplication [ 6- 8].

Similarities between T. foetus and Giardia spp. have been identified at the molecular level, including molecular and genetic traits, suggesting that they are of sister lineages [ 43].

Application examples at the molecular level include enzyme reaction networks that account for spatial diffusion (Weimar 2002) and signaling pathways (Wurthner et al. 2000, Kier et al. 2005).

A few apoplast studies in perennial plants at the molecular level include xylem sap proteome from apple, peach, pear, poplar, as well as identification of the leaf apoplast antioxidative system in response to pox virus in plum [ 21- 24].

lncRNAs are implicated in a wide-spectrum of biological processes at different molecular levels, including epigenetic modifications, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing48, and the functions of lncRNAs appears to always to be associated with the location of the lncRNA and the nearby mRNA49,50.

Aging affects cardiomyocytes at several subcellular and molecular levels, including alterations at the level of the DNA, increased oxidative stress, changes in gene/protein expression and posttranslational modifications, and the handling of cellular 'waste' material by autophagy [ 13– 15].

Aging affects cardiomyocytes at several subcellular and molecular levels, including alterations in the gene/protein expression and posttranslational modifications such as advanced glycation endproducts and protein oxidation, changes at the DNA level for example mutations and telomere shortening, oxidative stress increase (ROS formation), and decrease of autophagy [ 21].