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Within A. gambiae s.s., three taxonomic units, the M and two S molecular forms, have been identified in our sample set.
Two morphologically indistinguishable incipient species (provisionally named M and S molecular forms) have been described within A. gambiae, recognized by form-specific SNPs on the IGS and ITS regions of multicopy rDNA located on the X-chromosome [3], [4].
Here we present evidence that the molecular forms have adapted to different types of larval sites (habitats) and discuss the evolutionary implications for speciation in An. gambiae.
Up to seven molecular forms have varying functional roles in vivo such as having different abilities to bind hyaluronate, while their most important common feature is their expression on tumor cells and correlation with metastases [ 10].
While three distinct WC1 molecular forms have been distinguished based on partial sequence and their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) [ 45], the number of WC1 genes found in the bovine genome and their sequences has yet to be resolved.
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However, until recently the physiological role of these different molecular forms has been unclear.
Habitat segregation of larvae of the two molecular forms has sometimes been associated with the nature of the breeding site.
The same conclusion was obtained by the Lloyd's interspecies patchiness index I: the two molecular forms had the lowest index (L = 2.26), An. arabiensis vs. An.
The process of ecological divergence between molecular forms has shifted the niche of the M form towards that of An. arabiensis, thereby inducing a higher niche overlap in the case of these two species.
The "S" molecular form has the largest range and is widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
The "M" molecular form has arisen only in West Africa (della Torre et al. 2001), likely as a population derived from the S form, and the two are broadly sympatric over the M-form range.
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