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As for PUC we could show in the largest series described to date, that on the one hand this subtype of UC accumulates prognostic unfavourable molecular features, like such as the loss of CK20, a high proliferation index and p53 accumulation, and as well as on the other hand exhibits characteristic molecular features, like such as a complete loss of membranous E-cadherin expression [ 4].
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In this study, we compared the molecular features among basal-like tumors with and without BRCA1 mutations.
In our analysis, most of the unique molecular features of basal-like BRCA1 mutated tumors were found at the DNA level (i.e. amplifications and mutation rates).
Nonetheless, previous studies have shown similarities between the clinical and molecular features of sporadic basal-like tumors and familial BRCA1-mutated tumors, resulting in the model that basal-like tumors may be associated with BRCA1 dysfunction (Turner et al., 2004, Turner et al., 2007, Valentin et al., 2012, Turner and Reis-Filho, 2006).
We found that protein "X" is a male accessory gland-biased protein exhibiting the molecular features of a trypsin-like serine protease.
These results suggest that minor, but potentially relevant, baseline molecular features exist among basal-like tumors according to BRCA1 status.
However, EMT does not define a clear univocal phenotype, but rather a continuum of plastic cell states such that EMT-like molecular features may be heterogeneously presented among cells within a tumor nodule (Nieto, 2013).
The molecular features of EMT (EMT-like features) are often associated with cancer stem cells (CSC), a tumor-initiating cell type expressing stem-cell markers (Sosa et al, 2014), and the formation of distant tumor metastasis by disseminating tumor cells (DTC) or circulating tumor cells (CTC) (Mitra et al, 2015).
Fig. 3: ERK5 pharmacological inhibition suppresses colon cancer stem-like cell molecular features.
The molecular features that define this wound-like phenotype are evident at an early clinical stage, persist during treatment, and predict increased risk of metastasis and death in breast, lung, and gastric carcinomas.
The molecular features that define this wound-like phenotype are evident at an early clinical stage, persist during treatment, and predict increased risk for metastasis and death in breast, lung, and gastric carcinomas.
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