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Indeed, existing molecular estimates indicate that species with low levels of gene flow are rare.
Molecular estimates indicate that the common ancestor of teleosts and tetrapods existed ~ 450 million years ago (mya) [ 25, 26].
Molecular estimates indicate that ticks emerged 300 ± 27 MYA, while the prostriate and metastriate hard tick lineages diverged 241 ± 28 MYA [ 1].
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Molecular clock estimates indicate that lemurs and the lorisoids diverged in Africa during the Paleocene, approximately 62 mya.
Molecular clock estimates indicate the blue-faced honeyeater diverged from the Melithreptus honeyeaters somewhere between 12.8 and 6.4 million years ago, in the Miocene epoch.
Molecular clock estimates indicate that the herring of Lake Tanganyika have been present in the lake for at least 2 MY and likely much longer (7.6MY; 95% reliability interval: 2.1 15.9MY).
Molecular clock estimates indicate that Astyanax was present in Mesoamerica during the Miocene (~8 Mya), which implies the existence of an incipient land-bridge connecting South America and Central America before the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama (~3.3 Mya).
Molecular clock-based estimates indicate that the large fruit allele arose long before the tomato was domesticated (Nesbitt and Tanksley, 2002).
In contrast, intra-individual variation in the multi-copy ITS1 revealed no evidence of recombination amongst lineages, and molecular clock estimates indicated that lineages diverged 0.68 Mya.
Molecular dating estimates indicated that neotropical primates (NP) diverged from catarrhines near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, some 40 Ma (Schrago 2007; Perelman et al. 2011; Schrago et al. 2012) when South America was an island continent separated from Africa.
In contrast, molecular estimates all indicate that these same lineages are considerably older, sometimes as much as twice as old as analogous paleontological estimates [ 4, 16- 26].
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