Sentence examples for molecular clocks is from inspiring English sources

The logic of molecular clocks is simple: when two groups split apart from each other -- for example, when the human lineage split off from the chimpanzee lineage -- the two groups begin to accumulate differences in their DNA and proteins.

At the core of all known molecular clocks is a genetic oscillator, in which a gene produces a protein that accumulates for a while and then feeds back and turns off the gene, causing the protein's concentration to oscillate over a roughly 24-hour cycle.

Understanding how the timekeeping of molecular clocks is employed by networks of clock neurons to orchestrate rhythmic behavior is a central problem in chronobiology.

The presence of molecular clocks is a prerequisite for endogenous cellular rhythms.

A similar, but much more accurate, procedure for calibrating molecular clocks is based on the coincidence of speciation events between obligate symbionts and their eukaryotic hosts [ 9, 10].

Calibrating molecular clocks is most often done using fossil records, which are used to provide evidence as to when a species first appeared, and when different lineages diverged.

"Molecular clocks aren't perfect," Caetano-Anollés acknowledges.

Although the study is interesting, says Harvard University paleontologist Andrew H. Knoll, "molecular clocks are not Timexes".

The biological implications of such robust designs for molecular clocks are discussed.

Because the rate differences follow no obvious phylogenetic pattern, "local" molecular clocks were not employed and divergence dates were not estimated for this tribe.

Both strict and relaxed (uncorrelated lognormal and uncorrelated exponential) molecular clocks were enforced [38].