Sentence examples for molecular clock we from inspiring English sources

Using two new fluorescent reporters of the Drosophila molecular clock, we were able to separately interrogate two important aspects of the clockwork: CLK/CYC-mediated transcription from E-boxes and PER intracellular dynamics, both at a single-cell resolution and in real time.

As circadian genes function coordinately in the molecular clock, we looked for interactions of other genotyped variants of circadian genes with TIMELESS variants that gave the strongest evidence for association in both genders.

In order to investigate the effect of abolishing Dmrt2 function in the mouse molecular clock, we analyzed the expression of cyclic genes of the Notch, Wnt and Fgf pathways in the context of dmrt2 null mutants [24].

First, in order to implement a molecular clock, we selected only full-length sequences with reported isolation dates.

Using a molecular clock, we estimated that recent lion lineages began to diverge in the Late Pleistocene.

Since our tree deviates from the molecular clock, we performed rate smoothing to obtain branch lengths roughly proportional to time.

To compare the substitution rates between both loci and calibrate the molecular clocks, we tested for the rate constancy as the first step.

To assess the robustness of animal molecular clocks, we estimated the deuterostome-arthropod divergence using the arthropod fossil record for calibration and tunicate instead of vertebrate sequences to represent Deuterostomia.

Comparing multiple molecular clock analyses, we find that the maximum marginal probability for the divergence time of bacterial and eukaryal sterol biosynthesis genes is around 2.31 Gyr ago, concurrent with the most recent geochemical evidence for the Great Oxidation Event7.

For the molecular clock model, we use the known chronological age of each individual and fit the methylation rates at multiple sites, and express the problem as a linear least squares and solve it in polynomial time.

Because a common method of determining whether the substitution process is clock-like is to compare results with and without the molecular clock enforced, we also tested whether the molecular clock could be rejected by any of our datasets.