Sentence examples for molecular clock value from inspiring English sources

Based on a cyt b calibration using the molecular clock value of 1.52%/My, divergence time between superclades A and B was estimated to be about 4.0 Mya and between the seven major clades about 1.0-1.9 1.0-1.9ble 4).

Divergence time estimation between superclades A and B using the NPRS tree calibrated with the fossil record of C. cuvieri (0.4 Mya) and cyt b calibration using the molecular clock value of 1.52% per My (4.0 Mya) suggests that the two superclades evolved independently for a considerable period of time in the Japanese main islands and the Eurasian continent, respectively (Table 4).

Assuming a molecular clock, the Ks values of duplicated genes are expected to be similar over time [ 88].

In the chosen GTR + G4 + I and uncorrelated lognormal molecular clock model, the mean values of the evolutionary rates in the DENV E gene were estimated to be 8.3435 × 10−4 and 8.1564 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year for DENV-1 and DENV-2, respectively.

No functional COG category was found particularly enriched for genes evolving under the molecular clock hypothesis (χ test, P value = 0.991).

The Tajima and Nei with Gamma distribution (TrN + G) model was chosen, and then the likelihood values assuming molecular clock (L0, null hypothesis) and with variable lengths for each branch (L1, alternative hypothesis) were estimated using PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002).

Recent measurements of the molecular clock for mitochondrial DNA reported a value of 1 mutation every 7884 years dating back to the most recent common ancestor of humans and apes, which is consistent with estimates of mutation rates of autosomal DNA (10−8 per base per generation ).

It should be noted, that divergence times estimated from molecular clock analyses largely depend on the values used to define the prior distribution on the substitution rate.

Both analyses revealed that the molecular clock could not be rejected (p-values > 0.05) when employing the complex GTR/REV model.

Small differences between observed and estimated values suggest that the molecular clock assumption is (approximately) valid for a given dataset and tree topology, whereas large differences indicate that molecular clock is not applicable.

The Ks value is commonly used as molecular clock to measure the time elapsed since gene duplication [ 34].