Sentence examples for molecular clock the from inspiring English sources

They then analysed the DNA to look at what evolutionary biologists call the molecular clock, the rate at which an animal's genetic code evolves.

Using a relaxed molecular clock, the divergence between the eastern and western species was dated at 25.60 M years, which is considerably older than previously suggested.

This analysis was based on a molecular clock, the idea that in certain stretches of DNA or RNA, mutations accumulate at a reliable rate (e.g., one per year), allowing them to be used as timers: the more mutations the genetic material has accumulated, the longer since it split off from its ancestral sequence.

Further, we used estimated base frequencies, an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed molecular clock, the Yule prior for speciation scenarios and UPGMA starting trees.

In addition to the presence of a molecular clock, the PSM cells are under the influence of a wavefront of differentitaion.

Since most fixed differences are neutral and accumulate at a rate proportional to the mutation rate (molecular clock), the number of fixed differences are indicative for the elapsed time since two populations evolved from a common ancestor.

We employed both strict and relaxed lognormal molecular clocks, the latter allowing rate variation among branches [ 37].

Out of the tested models (GTR + Γ, both with strict and relaxed lognormal molecular clocks), the clock model that performed better was the lognormal molecular clock, which yielded the highest marginal likelihood.

Under these conditions, we demonstrate that the molecular clock in the master pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is unaltered while the molecular clock in the hippocampus is synchronized by the timing of food availability.

The molecular clock was the most influential parameter, since the AICM values tended to be similar for all combinations with the same molecular clock model.

Fig. 2 This figure illustrates the "molecular clock" using the most parsimonious evolutionary reconstruction shown in Fig. 1a.