A slow molecular clock suggests that the time between generations is long, something that has historically set humans apart from the great apes.
The transcriptional signature of the molecular clock suggests that the basal level of output genes that show a circadian rhythm of expression may be up-regulated at the onset of lactation, particularly in the mammary gland.
Estimates of rate variation derived from empirical data in plethodontid salamanders were less than those derived from comparable datasets simulated under an enforced molecular clock, suggesting that the empirically-estimated rate variation may reflect error rather than true differences in the underlying biological substitution process.
A molecular clock suggests that the diversification of Coccinia began about 6.9 Ma ago, with most of the extant species diversity dating to the Pliocene.
These are referred to as cyclic genes and constitute the somitogenesis molecular clock, suggesting that periodic somite formation is controlled by a tightly regulated genetic network.
The null hypothesis of a molecular clock suggests that the number of nucleotide substitutions between two lineages would be the same.
Mismatch distributions, neutrality tests and BSP analyses all suggested that S. japonica expanded in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and calculations using the COI molecular clock suggested that such population expansion occurred about 10.45 Ka.
Although molecular clocks suggest that these long-tailed, tree-dwelling primates appeared some 60 million years ago, fossils on the island date back only 40,000 years.
Stem- and crown-node ages estimated with molecular clocks suggest gymnosperms evolved and adapted over the same evolutionary time span as their sister lineages, the angiosperms (table 1) [ 6].
However, there are earlier animal fossils, and most molecular clocks suggest a deep origin of animal phyla in the Precambrian, leaving open the possibility that animals colonized land much earlier than the Ordovician.
