Sentence examples for molecular clock calculations from inspiring English sources

Published primate divergence times from the accepted paleontological records and the age of the pseudogenes based on molecular clock calculations were compared to data obtained by detection of PCR products exhibiting the expected amplicon size of the pseudogene region.

In stark contrast, molecular clock calculations have previously been used to estimate a time-scale of only tens or hundreds of years.

Nevertheless Molina et al. (2011a) recognize the role of hybridizations in their concluding discussion, and they are right to highlight the importance of incomplete lineage sorting in ancestral populations and that ancestral polymorphisms may have lead to overestimates in previous molecular clock calculations.

In 2004, a research study compared the DNA sequences of both populations and used a combination of molecular phylogenetics and molecular clock calculations to estimate the extent of genetic divergence.

As molecular clock calculations are often contentious, in particular for cave species [67], we used two methods of calculating molecular divergence rates.

In this study, we narrowed down the origin of the epidemic HIV clades (HIV-1 groups M and O, HIV-2 groups A and B) to the first half of the 20th century, using phylogenetic molecular clock calculations.

Since estimations of the species divergence time of C. piger and C. riparius based on large amounts of sequence data are lacking to date, the overall synonymous substitution rate of the ORFs was used for a rough molecular clock calculation.

Indeed, several studies have shown that reticulate evolutionary processes, such as nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) and gene conversion occur within specific duplicon families, and molecular clock analysis and calculations based on sequence comparisons are confounded by these processes [ 40, 44- 46].

The calculations of molecular clock dated linearized BI trees were performed in BEAST v.1.7.5 [ 25] with the concatenated mt sequences of COI, 12S and 16S.

In these calculations, a molecular clock rate based on 20% per million years differentiation of D-loop in the noctule bat [ 49], which falls between the estimate for house mouse [10% per million years [ 50]) and bison (30% per million years [ 51]] was used.

A HKY model together with among-site rate heterogeneity across all branches but assuming a strict molecular clock was used for this calculation.