Furthermore, it is not clear which biofluid better mirrors the alterations triggered by disease.
Using LCM in combination with gene expression analysis, several groups investigated the early molecular alterations in epithelial cells that may trigger the progression of DCIS to IBC [ 10, 11, 13, 40].
Investigating the molecular background of the pulmonary aging process has highlighted that both in test animals and in humans the structural differences are triggered by very similar molecular alterations in Wnt signaling.
Maternal aging is known to trigger a series of molecular alterations that drive the defects in chromatid separation (Chiang et al., 2011) and chromosome decondensation, as well as spindle detachment causing chromosomal misalignment (Battaglia et al., 1996; Liu & Keefe, 2002).
Cocaine use is a common disorder of neuroplasticity that triggers cellular and molecular alterations in brain reward systems, mainly in the dorsal striatum.
Even in initially healthy hearts, nonphysiological pacing triggers dyssynchrony with detrimental molecular alterations underscoring the requisite of a synchronized contractile pattern for sustained cardiac well-being.
Interestingly, results obtained from GT8 dermis and skin models showed similar alterations in molecular signatures triggered by fibrillin-1 deficiency such as amide III vibrations and decreased levels of glycan vibrations.
Post-MI patients undergo molecular alterations that result in structural and functional adaptations in the heart, and which in turn may eventually trigger the occurrence of ventricular dysfunction and HF [1].
Azoxymethane (AOM), a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine metabolite 9, 10, triggers colonic tumorigenesis in rodents 11, which almost totally reproduces the genetic and molecular alterations underlying CRC tumor progression 12, through a multistep process involving precancerous lesions such as mucin-depleted foci (MDF), adenomas, and cancers 10.
Molecular alterations also serve as convenient "markers" of disease.
