Sentence examples for molecular adaptation test from inspiring English sources

A robust gene tree of chloroplast DNA is essential to conduct a maximum likelihood analysis in the molecular adaptation test.

Molecular adaptation tests on the Potamogeton rbcL codon sites and reconstruction of the ancestral rbcL sequences were performed using maximum-likelihood models and programs included in PAML ver. 4.1 [25] [27], [48], [49].

Using this method we investigated the problem of molecular adaptation in deep-sea adapted bacteria.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contains the most variable set of genes of known function in vertebrates, and, as such, it offers a unique opportunity to test competing evolutionary hypotheses of molecular adaptation [e.g. [ 2- 4]].

We test the hypotheses that the rhodopsin gene has undergone molecular adaptation associated with evolutionary switches to different niches characterized by low light conditions, and, more specifically, that these changes will have coincided with losses of the SWS1 gene.

We undertook phylogenetic and molecular analyses of fifty-nine species of mammal to test whether visual adaptation to low light conditions is associated with molecular adaptation in the rod pigment rhodopsin.

To test whether evolutionary switches to different niches characterized by dim-light conditions coincided with molecular adaptation of the rod pigment rhodopsin, we sequenced the rhodopsin gene in twenty-two mammals including several bats and subterranean mole-rats.

Positive selection, or adaptive sequence evolution, is the hallmark of evolutionary change and molecular adaptation.

The molecular adaptations include adaptive mutations and adaptive epigenetic modifications.

Numerous cases of molecular adaptation are being identified in various systems from viruses to humans.

The second block describes molecular adaptation.