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Domestic pigs, however, do not show greater variability in their molar shape compared with their wild counterparts, a result congruent with known genetic data.
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Irrespective of differences in the local, natural and human environment that they inhabit, domestic breeds share common morphometric characteristics (in terms of molar size and shape) compared to wild boar.
This allometric relationship drove a repeated but independent evolution of a peculiar upper molar shape whenever size increased.
In particular, Mediterranean island populations of the house mouse exhibit intriguing morphological variation of molar shape [23].
In agreement, we have previously evidenced a strong integration between occluding teeth in house mice using a quantitative comparison of upper and lower molar shape [26].
Our results reveal two main groups of Eurasian wild boar based on molar shape.
In addition to molar size differences, wild and domestic pigs also appear to differ in molar shape - with proportionally narrower (and occasionally longer) teeth found in wild boar.
This implies that although the environment influences molar shape development, genetic background retains a strong influence over the phenotype.
In the four molars studied, we found no differences in the amount of size variation between wild and domestic pigs, whereas only three of the four teeth show no differences in molar shape variation (Table 2).
On average, wild boar have larger teeth than domestic pigs - as well as a distinctive molar shape (Table 1); wild boar possess proportionally narrower teeth - especially the third molars that also have proportionally longer talonids.
The first hypothesis implies that the domestic signature (as manifested by molar shape) could be (at least partially) a reversible process.
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