The electrolyte properties of the synthesized polyimides (Ia − x, Ib − x, x refers to molar percentage of the sulfonated diamine) were investigated and compared with those of polyimides (Ic − x) from BTDA, ODADS, and m-phenylenediamine (c).
The molar percentage of acetic acid and propionic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in treatments with flavone, myricetin, and kaempferol, with concomitant increase in butyric acid when compared to the control.
Although total VFA concentration and molar percentage of butyrate were unchanged, the molar percentage of acetate, and acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased, whereas the molar percentage of propionate increased quadratically with increasing bicarbonate concentration.
Total volatile fatty acid concentration, acetate molar percentage, and acetate:propionate decreased with the DDG treatment, whereas propionate molar percentage increased.
We noted no treatment effects on butyrate molar percentage or total VFA production.
The LF increased molar percentage of ruminal butyrate with FGC but not CGC.
Ruminal pH and acetate molar percentage were lower, propionate molar percentage was greater, and acetate:propionate ratio was lower for cows fed diets containing floury and opaque endosperm corns than for cows fed vitreous corn.
HPLC analysis showed that ZSP was the heteropolysaccharides with l-arabinose being the main component monosaccharide (50.2%, molar percentage).
The SFC and FGC tended to increase the molar percentage of ruminal propionate and decrease the acetate:propionate ratio.
As a molar percentage of total volatile fatty acids, acetate increased linearly as dietary K increased, though propionate declined.
