The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the interaction between four factors: the reaction temperature, methanol-oil molar ratio, dosage of lipase as biocatalyst and rotational speed.
Optimization of the TMA-C synthesis was carried out at different temperatures, different molar ratios, and dosage of catalyst using response surface methodology.
Optimum values of these parameters were: a CAT/Ge molar ratio of 9 and resin/Ge dosage of 3, obtaining 96.1% germanium retention.
Control experiments demonstrated that the molar ratio of the metal precursors and the dosage of 2,4-DHP play essential roles in this synthesis.
Under the conditions of C2H6/CO2 = 1/5, F = 60 ml/min, 750 °C, the catalyst dosage of 0.3 g, products with molar ratio of C2H4/CO/H2 = 1/1/1 could be obtained from C2H6 and CO2, and could be used directly into hydroformylation to propanal.
A five-level-three-factor CCRD, including six replicates at the center point, totaling 20 assays, was adopted to evaluate the effects of enzyme dosage, molar ratio of methanol to oil and water content on the FAME yield of the reaction in this study.
It is found that the molar ratio of the precursors (AgNO3 and H2PtCl6), the dosage of amrinone, and different reductants play the essential roles during the synthesis process.
The optimum conditions achieved through Box Behnken design were pH 8.2, reaction time 11.3 min and a coagulant dosage of 47.8 g L−1 with a molar ratio for Ca Mg Al of 4 1 2.
