In order to determine the Faradic efficiency of an electrode in OER, the O2 gas generated by the electrochemical reaction was collected by a water drainage method and its amount (in mol) was calculated using the ideal gas law.
Specifically carbon dioxide production rate (rCO2) per day in mols was calculated using equation A6 from Schoeller et al.59.59
Total body water (mols) was calculated using the intercept method53 from the dilution spaces of both oxygen and hydrogen under the assumption that the hydrogen space overestimates total body water by 4% and the oxygen-18 space overestimates it by 1%59.
After linear regression analysis (R2 ≥ 0.87), the apparent activation energies (Ea), ranging from 20 to 31 KJ mol-1, were calculated (Table 3).
Phase diagrams of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and their mixtures with different amounts of nitrogen (e.g. 5 mol%, 10 mol N2) were calculated with high accuracy with the NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties database program REFPROP® for up to 200 bar, as well as density-pressure diagrams.
A permeance of 1.7 × 10−2 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−0.5 was calculated from measurements in pure hydrogen at 573 K.
The overall enthalpy of oxygenation (Δ H, kJ mol-1 O2), corrected for the solubilization heat of O2 (-12.5 kJ mol-1), was calculated from the integrated van't Hoff equation [ 9].
Afterward, the concentrations of Au, SO, and SO in mol g 1 were calculated by using the atomic weight of Au (196.97 g mol 1) and S (32.06 g mol 1), respectively.
The values of the kinetic parameters and α obtained from the data fitting are collated in Table 2, along with the pre-exponetial factors, k (m mol −1 s −1) and activation energies, E a (J mol −1), that were calculated for k a, k b and k d from the Arrhenius plot in Figure 7.
To investigate the effect of the elution procedure on the uncertainty, the uncertainty for the elution in 1 mL of 1 mol L 1 HNO3 for 8 h and in 10 mL of 1 mol L 1 HNO3 for 8 h were calculated.
The relative levels of non-bilayer forming and bilayer forming glycerophospholipids were calculated as mol% of all membrane glycerophospholipids.
