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The matrix modulus was varied experimentally by moisture conditioning, resulting in three different moisture levels.
The substrate modulus was varied by changing polymer concentration.
For the isotropic model, a Poisson's ration of 0.4 was employed, and Young's modulus was varied between 2,000 and 0.2 MPa.
Young's modulus was varied from 0.1 to 100 kPa, covering a broad physiological range, by modulating crosslink density, polymer concentration, and temporal deactivation of remaining free thiol groups.
The substrate modulus was varied from 0.1 kPa to 2300 kPa (by modulating polymer-crosslinker ratio) and from 0.5 kPa to 740 kPa for PAAm (by modulating monomer-crosslinker ratio).
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Young's modulus, E, was varied from 10 to 210 GPa; yield strength, σy, from 30 to 3000 MPa; and strain hardening exponent, n, from 0 to 0.5; while the Poisson's ratio, ν, was fixed at 0.3.
The magnitude of the modulus of elasticity was varied to determine the proper value of modulus of elasticity that represents each type of sand in consideration as the sand was varied from loose to dense.
The magnitude of the modulus of elasticity was varied to reflect a variation in the stiffness of the clay from soft to hard.
To study the loose sand, the modulus of elasticity of the sand was varied between 10,000 and 30,000 kPa to determine the proper modulus of elasticity that can be used to represent the loose sand.
The modulus of elasticity of the sand was varied between 10,000 and 69,000 kPa to determine the proper modulus of elasticity that can be used to represent the medium sand.
For the medium sand, the modulus of elasticity of the sand was varied between 10,000 and 69,000 kPa, and further refinement of the initial values of modulus of elasticity was needed to arrive at the proper modulus of elasticity that can be used to realistically represent the medium sand.
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