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Therefore, in the first stage, estimation of the drop modulus was estimated using the penetration rate of TBM and in the second stage, the relation between the drop modulus and the equivalent thrust per cutter was estimated.
Young's modulus was estimated by the single beam method using finite element modeling.
The chain modulus was estimated using an extrapolation method based on the aggregate model.
Furthermore, the ultimate value of Young's modulus was estimated theoretically by assuming an ideal simultaneous biaxially stretched film with 100% crystallinity and the perfect orientation of the c-axes parallel to the film surface.
The global in-plane Young's modulus was estimated using cantilever bending of sandwich coated substrates and also by measuring the curvature generated in a bi-material beam on cooling to low temperature.
In this paper, the drop modulus was estimated using the operational parameters of TBM because the mentioned parameters are automatically recorded due to excavation by TBM.
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It reproduces the mechanical characteristics and its material modulus are estimated by the biaxial loading test.
The maximum tensile stress and the tensile Young's modulus were estimated.
To establish the mechanical behavior of the boride coatings developed by both treatments, properties such as the real hardness and the Young's modulus were estimated at 50 μm from the surface using Vickers and Knoop testing, respectively.
In this study, based on the experimental fracture data of individual multilayer free-standing GO sheets under tensile load, in combination with finite element analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the failure strength, strain, and Young's modulus are estimated to be 4 5 GPa, 8 15%, and 34 77 GPa, respectively.
The low-strain shear modulus is estimated as 7.5 MPa using the above-mentioned method and assumptions.
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