Based on the existing data, probabilistic models and correlations were established for the Young's modulus, ultimate strain and tensile strength.
The flexural impact parameters, such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, ultimate strain, maximum strain, and energy absorption capacity, were determined under different impact velocities.
Table 2 summarizes the donor-dependent data of compressive strength, Young's modulus, ultimate strain, and fracture energy.
Compressive strength, Young's modulus, ultimate strain, and fracture energy were calculated from stress-strain curves based on force-displacement data using the following equations: (1) Compressive strength (σ in MPa ) : σ = force (F ) π ∗ r 2 with area perpendicular to force axis.
Cancellous bovine bone specimens were compressed under dynamic loadings (with and without confinement) and the mechanical response properties were identified, such as Young׳s modulus, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, and ultimate strain energy.
The parameters analyzed from the stress-strain curves were Young's modulus, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, stiffness, and work/energy until maximum stress.
Material properties of skin, i.e. the Young's modulus, ultimate stress, failure strain and fracture toughness have been plotted against the position of skin along the length of arm or body.
Mechanical testings were performed on native, defrozen, and decellularized tissues; no statistically significant differences were reported for Young's modulus, ultimate stress, compliance, burst pressure, and suture retention strength, while ultimate strain and stress relaxation of decellularized vessels were significantly different from the native ones.
No temporal changes of elastic modulus, ultimate stress, and yield stress were detected in sham group.
The variability of the peak stress, peak strain, elastic modulus and ultimate strain was found to follow a normal distribution.
Table 5 Biocomposites used for bone tissue engineering Biocomposite Percentage of ceramic Compressive ( C ), tensile ( T ), flexural ( F ), and bending ( B ) strengths (MPa) Modulus (MPa) Ultimate strain Toughness (kJ/m2) Reference Ceramic Polymer HA fiber PDLLA 2 to 10.5 (vol).
