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Pugno, N. M. Young's modulus reduction of defective nanotubes.
However, these factors considerably affect the shear modulus reduction of saturated Nanjing sand in the reversal contractive stage.
Several cyclic torsional shear tests are completed in this research to investigate the shear modulus reduction of post-liquefaction Nanjing sand under different loading states.
For the key slip planes in α-iron, [1¯10] and [11¯2], we find a shear modulus reduction of approximately 1.6% per at.% H.
The effective confining pressure, initial static shear stress, and cyclic shear stress have a remarkably small effect on the shear modulus reduction of saturated post-liquefaction Nanjing sand in the "zero effective stress" and dilative stage after the phase transformation.
Three analytical models with increasing complexity, all based on minimization of complementary energy, are compared in their ability to predict shear modulus reduction of laminates with intralaminar cracks in 90-layer.
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The analytical study comprised the assessment of the accuracy of different empirical (relaxation) models in describing the shear modulus reduction with temperature of those polymeric foams.
During the APT tests, a portable seismic property analyzer (PSPA) was used to monitor the modulus reduction as a representation of the pavement deterioration.
Improved equations were developed to predict the yield strength and elastic modulus reduction factors and stress strain curves of a range of cold-formed steel grades and thicknesses used in Australia.
In tensile tests, the ageing treatment produced different effects depending on specimen fiber orientations: the lowest strength and elastic modulus reductions (respectively of about 4 and 5%) were registered by those specimens tested along the direction of fibers (0°), which are only moderately affected by moisture and heat.
The equivalent-linear method is widely being used in the design industry and the method is capable of considering effect of inelasticity through modulus reduction and damping increment.
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