Sentence examples for modulus reduction and from inspiring English sources

The equivalent-linear method is widely being used in the design industry and the method is capable of considering effect of inelasticity through modulus reduction and damping increment.

The average sand curves after Seed and Idriss [18] are used to model the modulus reduction and damping ratio relationship with shear strain (Fig. 7).

In addition, the identified modulus reduction and damping curves in the two-layer system are consistent with those obtained in a laboratory test on a small specimen.

In the structural simulation section, yield stress of legs and braces and modulus of elasticity and in the soil simulation section, shear-wave velocity, shear modulus reduction and damping ratio are considered as epistemic uncertainty.

Dealing with the history dependent properties, such as deformation, modulus reduction, and strain energy loss, allows one to address the effects of loading sequence or any arbitrary combination of loads on the fatigue life.

The soil nonlinear behavior is most often characterized by a degradation of its mechanical properties, involving a shear modulus reduction and a damping increase with increasing shear strain; it basically results in deamplifying the ground motion and shifting the frequency response toward lower values (Bonilla et al. 2005; Régnier et al. 2013, 2016).

Improved equations were developed to predict the yield strength and elastic modulus reduction factors and stress strain curves of a range of cold-formed steel grades and thicknesses used in Australia.

Open image in new window Fig. 7 Dynamic soil properties of sand used in the SHAKE-2000 analysis: a modulus reduction curve and b damping ratio curve (after Seed and Idriss [15]).

By introducing an elastic modulus reduction factor and a yield strength reduction factor, the feasibility of some equations provided by Eurocode EN 1993-1-2, CIDECT and API RP 2A WSD for calculating the static strength of the specimens at elevated temperature are evaluated based on the experimental results.

Significant mechanical weakening, overall strength reduction of 52.19% and 69.74% and Young's modulus reduction of 43.64% and 55.45% for the slow cooling and quenching cooling techniques were observed in a single proppant when the temperature increased from room temperature (25 °C) to elevated temperatures.

Therefore, although it showed the lowest temperature sensitivity in volume change, limestone aggregate and limestone concrete yielded the highest relative strength and modulus reduction among the three concretes.