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The force curve measurements of AFM were performed to estimate Young's modulus of cells.
The elastic modulus of cells is related to the content and arrangement of cytoskeletal elements especially actin fibers.
AFM and SICM measurements showed that the apparent surface fluctuation amplitude and elastic modulus of cells underwent transition when exposed to PFA concentrations between 0.1 and 4%.
The mean ± SD values of elastic modulus of cells and gene expression levels of three endothelial specific genes were calculated for control and test groups.
Estimation of the volume fraction of BAE inside the sediment allows to evaluate the ultrasonic velocity and the elastic bulk modulus of cells.
The expression level of three major endothelial-specific genes, elastic modulus of cells and cytoskeleton actin structure of cells were studied and compared among control and three test groups subjected to stress phase angle values at 0°, − 45°, and − 90°.
Similar(54)
The arrangement and organization of cytoskeleton are the determinant factor in Young's modulus of cell bodies.
The gel compressive modulus of cell-free PEG gels increased from 34 to 140 kPa with the incorporation of ChSA for similar degrees of swelling.
While the equilibrium tensile modulus of cell-free alginate did not change with time in culture, the constructs with highest cell density were 116% stiffer than cell-free controls after 2 weeks of culture.
For instance, the mechanical disruption of cell membrane due to amyloid fibril [24] is ascribed to the elastic modulus of cell membrane being in the order of 100 kPa [25], which is about three orders of magnitude smaller than the elastic modulus of amyloid fibril [26].
Aligned scaffolds displayed significantly increased expression of tenomodulin compared to nonaligned scaffolds and exhibited aligned collagen fibrils throughout the full thickness, the presence of which may account for the increased yield stress and Young's modulus of cell-seeded aligned scaffolds along the axis of fiber alignment.
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