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Traditionally, Young's modulus is considered as a constant in engineering application and numerical simulation.
The dynamic modulus is considered as the most important factor of asphalt concrete influencing the field performance of asphalt pavements.
Deterioration of mechanical properties of yield stress and elasticity modulus is considered the most important factor affecting the performance of steel structures in fires.
The first approach assumes that Poisson's ratio is not an operator but a constant, while under the second approach the bulk modulus is considered to be constant.
Linear shear springs or slip modulus is considered at the interfaces to model the partial interaction between the sub-elements of the structure.
The behavior of the elastomer layers is assumed to be thermoelastic, in which the elastic modulus is considered to be temperature dependent.
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In particular, the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and temperature-dependent properties of thermal conductivities and Young's modulus are considered and treated appropriately in our numerical analysis.
In the second, the film and the substrate's modulus are considered as unknown variables that are calculated simultaneously during the fitting process.
In order to obtain a deterministic sequence of multiple stable deformed configurations when an external stimulus is applied, multimaterial systems that consist of unit cells with different Young's modulus are considered.
It was found that the normalized base modulus (ratio between back-calculated and initial modulus) and the semi-rigid base cracking condition had good relationship on log-log scales, therefore the normalized base modulus was considered to be a reasonable indicator for the evaluation of semi-rigid base damage (cracking) condition.
The deformability modulus (ESi) is considered as the only independent random variable.
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