Dynamic modulus and direct tension fatigue tests were performed using the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) system.
The asphalt binder was then characterized using the Superpave™ rotational viscosity, dynamic shear modulus, and direct tension test.
After engineering mechanics were used to validate the efficacy of the span combinations, each wire was measured in flexure to determine its elastic modulus and in tension to determine its yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility.
To this end we employed innovative ultrasonic techniques, i.e., the Bleustein-Gulyaev surface acoustic waves for measuring RME viscosity, and ultrasonic bulk compressional waves for measuring sound velocity in RME and consequently evaluating RME thermophysical parameters, e.g., bulk modulus and surface tension.
The elastic modulus and yield stress in tension are nearly constant for PP and blends.
The orthogonal woven material was found to have both greater strength and modulus in tension and compression, though a ply to ply woven architecture was found to outperform the remaining three-dimensional architectures.
Experimental tests showed bi-modularity (i.e. different Young modulus in compression and tension) for both mortar and bricks, so this feature of elastic behaviour was taken into account in micromodelling.
The results have been analyzed using both a direct stress-strain analysis and an energy balance method to separate the rubbery plateau regime modulus and the surface tension of the ultra thin films.
The change in orientation affects the mechanical properties: under uniaxial tension, the modulus and the flow stress of the films increase with decreasing thickness, hence with increasing orientation.
As the effective spring constant depends on both the Young's modulus and the pre-tension constant, one cannot separately determine these values just from the slope of a F trace.
