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Nanoindentation and ball on disk tribometer were used in order to determine nanohardness, Young modulus and friction behaviours respectively.
With the optimized CrAlSiN hard films deposition conditions, the hardness, Young's modulus and friction coefficient were 31.26 Gpa, 258.58 Gpa and 0.50, respectively.
Parametric study results indicate that the shear modulus and friction angle of the stone column material have a slight influence on the footing's moment capacity; however, they could substantially affect the residual settlement.
Based on the statistical values of Bohai ice physical and mechanical parameters such as density, compressive strength, flexural strength, shear strength, elastic modulus and friction coefficient an ideal synthetic model ice was designed following the scale of 1 10 1 30.
It should be noted that the soil modulus and friction angle in Table 4 are macro parameters.
A sensitivity analysis of the geomechanical parameters demonstrated the relative effects of cohesion, Young's modulus and friction angle of the backfill on the estimates of horizontal stress; the friction angle (( upphi^{prime } )) exerts the greatest effect.
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These improvements were related to beneficial changes in hardness, elastic modulus, hardness to elastic modulus ratio and friction coefficient.
Hardness, Young's modulus, smoothness and friction coefficient of multilayer structures are higher in comparison with single layer counterparts.
Consequently, the engineering properties of soils such as permeability, water content, stress strain behavior, failure strength, elastic modulus, cohesion, and friction angle may be changed.
We present a novel designed multi-function tribological probe microscope (TPM), which has been developed to provide, within one set-up arrangement, measurements of topography, Young's modulus, hardness and friction of a surface.
The sample height, water content, stress strain behavior, failure strength, elastic modulus, cohesion and friction angle were measured in initial unfrozen soil as well as in subsequent thawed soil.
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