The higher control model generates, as a motor command, prior probabilities for the lower-level modules, and therefore prioritizes which lower-level modules should be selected.
Therefore, the presence of more serial muscles inserting on digits 2–4 may result in at least some of them being included in their own modules, and therefore as a by-product – i.e., merely by exclusion - digit 1 is also a separate module in many non-human primates, contrary to the pattern observed in humans.
On the other hand, it is proposed that entropy theory constitutes a framework, which better captures the underlying interrelations of systems modules and, therefore, constitutes a more appropriate and effective framework for quantifying resilience of infrastructure systems.
This allows the stakeholders, engineers and construction managers to better understand the trade-offs between fabrication costs and alignment, rework, safety, and transportation risks (in terms of cost) of modules, and therefore enhance the planning and design phases of modular construction.
The MiRABELLE approach relies on the principle that gene expression levels reflect the regulatory effect of higher-order modules, and therefore, one could assess the impact of these modules, by observing transcriptional changes [14], [15].
Recent analysis of curated, inferred, and HC yeast networks show that essential proteins are more likely to be involved in essential complex biological modules and, therefore, their degrees are on the average higher [23].
The small dimensions of the modules allowed rapid transport of nutrients by diffusion to cells at any location in the module, and therefore allowed generation of modules with cell densities near to those of dense tissues (108 – 108 cells/cm3).
As we tested, volcanic tephra deposition may have local, regional or continental consequences on PV-modules, and therefore a proper understanding of these hazards is highly relevant, specifically for the renewable energy sector.
The quantization steps ({ {Delta _{i} : i=1,ldots,L} }) used in this phase are different for each coefficient, in fact they are provided by the FIS module and, therefore, there is no need to send them to the detector's side.
Such modular structures may confer selective advantage by allowing the optimization of gene expression within each module and therefore minimizing the impact of genetic variants outside the module.
A hub is the best connected node within the module and, therefore, is likely to have high leverage centrality since its degree is high with respect to other nodes in the neighborhood.
