These include core RNAi elements including Dicer-2, Argonaute-1, Drosha, Aubergine and auxiliary modules like chromatin factors, RNA helicases, RNA processing module, signalling allied proteins and others.
The system consists of light source, Y-type optical fiber, signal amplification module, signal conversion module and microprocessor module.
Overall our approach is to keep auxiliary parameters in the background with the understanding that they are a reasonable choice of parameters to represent the module signalling behaviour.
This reflects significant organizational differences between modules of signaling pathways and modules of protein complexes.
The approach is based on the idea that the genes that are in the shortest paths between modules should be more important in controlling perturbation from one pathway to another, mediating inter-module signaling or regulation.
While central modules such as PKC, AKT1, Rho GTPase, MAP3K11, MAPK1/3 and AP1 are reportedly involved in all three cellular outcomes, other signaling mechanisms are more specific in their effect, e.g. the BCL-module signaling is only observed to be involved in apoptosis (Fig. 4a).
Development of the animal body plan is controlled by large gene regulatory networks, which consist of transcription factors, their target cis-regulatory modules, and signaling molecules [1], [2].
Further experiments could be carried on in the protoplast system to accurately determine the linear modules involved signaling pathways.
In mammals, a conserved core Hippo signalling module receives signal inputs on different levels to ensure the proper regulation of YAP/TAZ activities as transcriptional co-activators.
