During decoding, the number of bits in each module is known; thus, we can determine the total complexity of the frame.
For example, expression of murine hepatic Cyp4a14 (liver-red module) is known to increase in expression under fasting conditions [ 48].
Notch 2, found in the yellow module, is known to regulate the Notch signaling pathway, which is involved in controlling the fate of neural and non-neural cells in development process and adults [ 15].
Each module is known to catalyze decarboxylative condensation of (2 S -methylmalonyl-ACP and the incipient polyketide chain with net inverS -methylmalonyl-ACPn at the methyl-bearing carbon to generate the correS -methylmalonyl-ACPhyl-3-ketoandl-ACP chain elongathen incipientate.
Interestingly, genes in this module are known to be involved in metabolism and obesity, and include leptin, PPAR-α, and genes involved in the inflammatory response [22].
Moreover, Snz2p and Snz3p, which are part of this module, are known to respond to nutrient limitation [ 108].
Several hub genes in the Blue module are known to be involved in response to stress and vesicle transport.
Furthermore, the Hsp70 (Ssc1) and Hsp40 (Mdj2) chaperones in this module are known to be localized in the mitochondrion (supplementary table 1, Supplementary Material online) (Huh et al. 2003).
Additionally, several members of this module are known as interferon-stimulated genes (OAS1, RNASEL, MB21D1, BST2, IFIT3, ISG20, RSAD2, DDX60, USP18) [ 51].
Similarly, many of the highly negatively connected genes in the black module are known to play a role in ES cell differentiation (Cited2, Gata4, Gata6, Tead4, Foxa2, and Sox7).
This module contained the interleukin receptor IL2B gene, and IPA analysis showed that 11 of the 35 genes in this module are known to be regulated by the cytokine IL2, and 16 of them are related to cancer (Additional file 11) including the female-biased genes PRF1 and GZMH essential for natural killer (NK -cell cytotoxicity [ 62, 63].
