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A complete list of module assignments and network metrics for all genes is included in File S3.
This allows Arboretum to simultaneously infer ancestral and extant module assignments, and to systematically handle complex orthology and paralogy relationships that arise from gene duplication and loss.
Another approach has been to break the genes into modules and perform module assignments and motif searches at the same time via an expectation maximization algorithm (as opposed to clustering first and finding motifs later) [ 21, 22].
We used total connectivity as a measure of gene interaction strength, because it is not as sensitive to module assignments, and most likely reflects the overall selective pressures acting on the gene, beyond those imposed by its role in age polyethism.
To identify transcriptional mechanisms in an unbiased manner, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on the 20 000 most variable probes to identify groups (or 'modules') of genes with similar patterns of expression across samples (38) (see Supplementary Material, Table S4 for module assignments and Supplementary Material, Fig. S1).
In fact, Arboretum is a probabilistic method that enables us to use probabilistic module assignments, and thus a gene has a probability of belonging to a particular module and is allowed to contribute to the overall pattern of modules, with its contribution weighted by the probability.
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Module assignment and module membership (kME) for all probes that passed the robust expression criteria.
Extant and ancestral species have relatively high AMCIs (mean 0.82 ± 0.137 standard deviation [SD]), indicating conserved module assignment, and highlighting the consistency of our experimental design.
As measured by the WGCNA, the modular structure of the transcriptome networks was also preserved both on the basis of module assignment and from the perspective of the topological overlap maps.
Ultimately these discussions will result in a new sub-section of the Understanding Science website that will meet the needs of those who instruct pre-service teachers including the rationale or importance of teaching NOS/POS, course modules, assignments and activities, assessment tools, and strategies for dealing with misconceptions about NOS/POS.
Shown are expression (left), Arboretum module assignments (middle) and a cartoon of the phylogenetic transition (right) for gene sets with coherent phylogenetic patterns.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com