Additionally, while the hypothalamus is emerging as a key modulator of several primary headache conditions, with respect to circadian and circannual periodicity we should not lose sight of the role of peripheral oscillators "local clocks".
Conclusions: The present data suggest that the EphA2 receptor may be an unrecognized modulator of several signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt-NF-kB, Src-NF-kB, E-cadherin, and mTOR in LPS-induced lung injury.
Ivermectin acts as a positive allosteric modulator of several Cys-loop receptors including the glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls), γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs), glycine receptors (GlyRs), and neuronal α7-nicotinic receptors (α7 nAChRs).
In particular, miR-34a emerges as the main putative modulator of several genes of TGFbeta signaling.
CXCL12 is a small (8 kDa) chemokine that was originally regarded as an efficacious lymphocyte chemoattractant and was characterized as a modulator of several physiological processes.
Recently, some studies have reported that DHA could act as metabolic modulator of several metabolic pathways in cancer cells [ 19– 219.
However, this assumption may not be valid for the [ATP]/[ADP] and [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios during ischemia/recovery, which are major modulators of several key metabolic reactions in cytosol and mitochondria.
The present model distinguishes the cytosolic and mitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] and [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios (major modulators of several key metabolic reactions in cytosol and mitochondria) and incorporates metabolic reactions and transport processes of key chemical species, including glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acid, oxygen and carbon dioxide (Fig. 1).
Physiological functions for this ancient gene family include the endocytosis of a large number of macromolecules, including lipoproteins, proteases and protease inhibitors, as well as functions as direct signal transducers or modulators of several fundamental signal transduction pathways, including BMP, TGFβ, PDGF, reelin and canonical Wnt signaling.
Subsequent studies have shown, however, that LRP1 is a highly multifunctional receptor that not only mediates the endocytosis of a broad spectrum of macromolecules, but also functions as a modulator and integrator of several fundamental cell signaling pathways [17], [18], [19], [20].
Recently, there has been a great interest in angiogenesis modulators for therapy of several angiogenesis related disorders.
