Intriguingly, the Plcgamma2 downstream effector Tmem178, a negative modulator of calcium levels, acts in a negative feedback loop to restrain inflammatory cytokine production.
As modulator of calcium fluxes VDR could play an essential role in megakaryocytopoiesis, platelets activation and apoptosis, which are calcium-dependent events [20], [49].
Vitamin D is a well-known nutrient that acts as a modulator of calcium homeostasis and the immune response [17], and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in several types of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and effector/memory T cells [18] [20].
However, it can also be a drawback because any modulator of calcium signalling can be detected, most of which may be false positives.
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble nutrient, is a secosteroid hormone which is widely recognized as a modulator of calcium absorption and bone health and further regulates neuromuscular function, cellular differentiation, insulin secretion, and blood pressure., Vitamin D also plays an important role in immune regulation through interactions between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D receptors (VDRs ).
Although the function of GRP is still unknown, it has been suggested to act as a negative regulator of osteogenic differentiation [ 4], a modulator of calcium availability in the extracellular matrix [ 1, 2], and as a potential inhibitor of soft tissue calcification in connective tissues [ 2].
CRACR2A protein is described in T cells as an EF-hand-containing modulator of calcium-release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels.
A positive modulator of calcium-activated potassium channels restores regular firing and ameliorates ataxic symptoms in these models, indicating that the pattern as well as the rate of PC firing likely impact motor coordination.
Calcium can upregulate autophagy [ 21, 45] and modulators of calcium are prominent among compounds identified in other autophagy screens [ 14, 15, 46].
Current autophagy inducers can be grouped into 3 classes: i) MTOR inhibitors, ii) modulators of calcium dependent signaling or iii) IP3 inhibitors.
Especially the physiological time courses of 25(OH)D3 (Vitamin D) as well as PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) the most important modulators of calcium and bone homeostasis are not yet examined sufficiently.
