In this regard, ghrelin a novel orexigenic peptide has been identified as a modulator of apoptosis and proliferation in the ovary.
Here, we show that apoptosis-resistant RCC cells have a disconnect between activation of p53 and upregulation of the downstream proapoptotic protein p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA).
We report that in glioblastoma, EGFR/EGFRvIII paradoxically co-expresses with p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins primarily located on the mitochondria.
Finally, BART5-5p has been shown to promote host cell survival by targeting a pro-apoptotic molecule, p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) [16].
Therefore, N2O3 can serve as an effective modulator of apoptosis provided that the level of GSH in the system is sufficiently low.
BART5-5p has been shown to regulate a human pro-apoptotic target, p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and promote the survival of NPC cells against etoposide-induced apoptosis [16].
Puma (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) was the only "apoptotic" gene exhibiting a significant 7- fold increase in irradiated α6+ SP cells (Fig. 3a and Figure S3) [23], [23].
Previous findings, however, have identified RKIP as a modulator of apoptosis and metastasis through regulation of important signaling cascades, i.e., the RAF-MEK-ERK kinase cascade, G protein-coupled receptors, and the NF-κβ pathway [70], [71].
The first recognized cellular mRNA targeted by EBV miR-BART5 is the mRNA of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and inhibition of PUMA by miR-BART5 can protect EBV-infected cells from apoptosis [34].
