Spectrometer settings were as follows: field center, 335.094 mT; microwave power, 10 mW; sweep time, 2.0 min; time constant, 0.3 s; and modulation width, 0.2 mT).
The measurement was performed using ESR (JES-RE 3X, JEOL; Tokyo, Japan) connected to a WIN-RAD ESR Data Analyzer Radical Researchh, Tokyo, Japan) at the following instrument settings: microwave power = 8 mW, magnetic field = 335.8 mT, modulation width = 0.079 mT, sweep time = 1 min, and time constant = 0.03 s.
More precisely, the active false targets generate a coherent pulse train of the same carrier frequency, modulation type, pulse width, and pulse repetition frequency (PRF).
Statistical bounds on estimation error presented in this work provide practical guidance: set the sweep width and modulation amplitude to 8 and 4 times the half-width half-maximum linewidth, Γ, respectively.
The scans in the most sensitive regions with respect to RF frequency, such as modulation, tips, base-vane width and vessel height provided the values of the cavity deviations from nominal geometry to be compared with design physic-driven tolerances and with RF measurements.
The EA (2 Hz in frequency, 150 μs in width, and modulation in mode) was applied, and intensity of stimulus caused the muscle to twitch.
The SM controller generates the reference voltages (v∗as,v∗bs) for a two level space vector modulation-pulse width modulation (SVM PWM) inverter that feeds the motor.
The pulse width and the modulation frequency dependence of the passively Q-switched, repetitively modulated laser output vs. the diode pump power for Nd KGW crystals, provides the conditions needed to enhance the modulation frequency and the peak power of diode-pumped Nd KGW laser.
The acceleration signal was modulated to an optic signal using pulse width modulation (PWM), and the modulated optic signal was transmitted outside the fMRI room using a light emitting diode (LED) and optic cable.
The optical properties are also sensitive to the structural details of the system, namely width and distance modulation.
