Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(2)
For 8-DPSK modulation (which uses a constellation of eight symbols), Equation (15) is employed with M = 8.
A well-known practical implementation of superposition coding is hierarchical modulation, also called layered modulation, which uses constellations with non-uniformly spaced signal points creating different levels of error protection.
Similar(58)
To measure the semi-analytical probability density of the received sample, we have considered a digital modulation scheme which uses bit-phase-shift keying (BPSK) for bit-to-symbol conversion.
The modulation method is known as discrete multitone (DMT), a method in which data is sent over a large number of small individual carriers, each of which uses QAM modulation (described above in Development of voiceband modems).
In general, VLC uses intensity modulation with direct detection scheme, which uses the intensity of the light to transmit data.
Our model springs from the reference structure tomography (RS T paradigm, which uses multidimensional modulations to encode mappings between radiating objects and measurements [12].
Hobbyists in RC cars often replace this assembly with an electronic speed control (ESC), which uses pulse width modulation to provide a smooth speed control.
MPD is a sensitive and low-cost fiber optic sensing technique which uses spatial intensity modulation in two dimensional setting.
This effective SNR is the operating point at which an equivalent coded system, which uses the same modulation and coding scheme, operating over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, has the same performance as the system under consideration.
A sophisticated traction-control system (which uses both brake and throttle modulation) keeps wheel spin to a minimum, even when you're really tossing the big Benz around.
Hierarchical Modulation (known also as embedded or multiresolution modulations) is one of the ways to implement the superimposition of multichannel signals, which uses constellations with nonuniformly spaced signal points.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com