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The discrepancy is probably due to slight overlapping of the two excitation beams and the resultant residual intensity modulation which can be minimized by improved modulator designs.
As can be seen, both GFDM/CR-OQAM and GFDM/OQAM have a slightly lower PAPR than OFDM, which is due to the usage of fewer subcarriers and the application of offset-QAM modulation, which can reduce PAPR.
The proposed filter can cooperate with the usual small-angle modulation of UNB modulation, especially with Extended Binary Phase Shift Keying (EBPSK) modulation, which can convert the signal characteristics in noise into high-amplitude impacting at the phase jump points, such that the UNB signal is easy to detect.
The analytical framework for the total energy consumption of an amplify-and-forward multi-hop network was proposed in article [12] by employing M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, which can satisfy the average bit error rate requirement at the destination over Rayleigh fading channels.
Totally, N c (= ς G) chips in (2) are transmitted over N c orthogonal subcarriers with the frequency separation of Δ f = 1/T b based on the OFDM modulation, which can be easily implemented by applying the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to the frequency interleaver's outputs.
In summary, we have shown that hypoxia causes significant down-regulation of NEP expression by increasing H3K9me2, H3K4me3 and decreasing H3-Ace modulation, which can be prevented by the epigenetic regulators 5-Aza, HDACs inhibitor VA, siRNA-mediated knockdown of G9a or HDAC1.
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Figure 10d shows a flexible all-graphene modulator circuit for quaternary digital modulations, which can encode two bits of information per symbol [212].
Prins et al. [20] adapted three kinds of dithering modulations, which can improve the robustness of the QIM method, to the fingerprinting scheme, and implemented the method using a sufficiently large scaling factor.
At the receiver, an efficient ML algorithm with FSOK despreader and demapper is used to detect the modulation symbols, which can obtain the M-ary modulation gain and diversity gain.
These can be thought of as modules which generate a modulation signal which can then be used to modify the visual patterns.
The multi-rate ADPLL-based frequency modulator architecture provides wideband frequency modulation capability, which can be used for many mm-wave applications.
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