Sentence examples for modulation used by from inspiring English sources

where (mathcal { S}_{2}) is the M 2-ary star-QAM modulation used by the relays.

However, the distance parameter computed from these cameras is strongly dependent on the integration time set for the sensor and the frequency of modulation used by the integrated lighting system.

The reason is that the modulation used by rtPS connection may improve in the next frame, the consumption of time slots will be reduced if the forwarding of packets to the rtPS connection was postponed till the next frame.

As shown in Figure 3, the input data stream is first grouped into k-bit k = log 2 ℳ data symbols and thus can be represented as Figure 3 Illustration of the proposed MCSK modulation used by the ELs.

The rate for this code is (r_{0} text {log}_{2} M_{2}+frac {logT_{2}}text {log}_{2} c) bpcu instead of r 0log2 M 2 bpcu, where (c=left lfloor left (begin {array}{c} NN_{0}end {array}right)right rfloor _{2^{p}}) is the number of possible relay combinations, r 0 is the code rate of the used STBC, M 2 is the order of modulation used by the relays and ⌊.⌋ represents the floor integer operator.

The observed increased relative expression of CTLA4 may reflect a mechanism of immuno-modulation used by M. bovis to subvert a host T cell response.

Whatever type of channel involved and the type of modulation used, as argued by the curves in Figure 4, the MNBTC does not show the error floor effect in the value range for FER investigated.

When N R = 2 the modulation used is given by M A = 4 L. The squared minimum distance for the DCA algorithm, obtained by application of Euclidean distance definition, is then given by d min RA-DCA 2 = α M A - QAM 2 2 ∑ i = 0 L - 1 g N R, i, k. (A.6).

One nice feature about DF-based strategies is that the modulation index used at the relay, h R, needs not to be identical to h, the modulation index used by A and B. This flexibility is especially important if we want to impose stringent bandwidth requirement on the signal transmitted by the relay.

Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation is used by all the nodes, that is,.

Besides the empty-room and frame-to-frame techniques, it is also possible to mitigate clutter by proper selection of the modulation sequence used by the tags.