Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is applied as a modulation technique to generate switching signals for the converter switches.
Further, we implement multi-carrier modulation technique to mitigate the effects of multipath propagation.
We use the gain modulation technique to generate giant pulses in the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL for applications requiring high peak power.
It divides a data stream/main stream (which employs a super-channel) into sub-stream and assigned modulation technique to each sub-stream based on their light path distance detailing the concept of sub-channel.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very promising modulation technique to achieve high spectral efficiency.
However, for mission-critical signals in industrial settings, other strategies such as link diversity should be incorporated with the radio modulation technique to improve the link quality in these harsh environments.
First, the network lifetime at a certain duty cycle is optimized by non-equidistant deployment of nodes, and the distance between nodes is as Theorem 2. Theorem 2 For linear network under MQAM modulation technique, to minimize the maximum energy consumption is to calculate a set of d1, d2, d3, …, d n at duty cycle τ to satisfy the following equation.
The bioreactor was equipped with a laser-based oxygen measurement system called "OPAL," which measures oxygen-dependent phosphorescence lifetime of microbeads (50 μm diameter), and uses a two-frequency modulation technique to eliminate interference by background fluorescence [ 37].
If new analog modulation techniques were to be invented, it may now be possible to cheaply implement these ideas with the new technologies, developed in the past forty years.
Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is one of the most important modulation techniques due to its efficient use of bandwidth.
