In cats, orthogonal gradients for modulation rate and frequency have been shown, similar to those in the inferior colliculus.
Thus, the contrast maps for frequency and amplitude modulation rate are more robust and show less inter-individual variability than the best frequency responses.
Furthermore, Kreiman et al. showed that modulation extent affects perception more than modulation rate [13].
It will be shown that this nanoscale device can eventually achieve >100 GHz direct modulation rate at high efficiency and is therefore a suitable light source for attojoule-per-bit on-chip optical communication.
Also, the average input power to the crystal ideally is constant regardless of the modulation rate.
Jiang et al. and Anand et al. showed that for pathological voice tremors, with rates between 4 and 7 Hz, the difference with physiological voice tremor was more in the modulation extent (or modulation amplitude) than in the modulation rate [9,10].
However, it uses different channel coding schemes for different data rates as shown in Table 3. Table 3 IEEE 802.11b channel coding at physical layer Data rate Code length Modulation Modulation rate Symbol rate (Msps) Bits per symbol 1 Mbps 11-Barker DBPSK 11,000,000 1 1 2 Mbps 11-Barker DQPSK 11,000,000 1 2 5.5 Mbps 8-CCK DQPSK 11,000,000 1.375 4 11 Mbps 8-CCK DQPSK 11,000,000 1.375 8.
This digital modulation rate operates with a frequency modulation range between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz [26].
The modulation rate is higher for lower frequencies.
In fact, vocal tremor in healthy individuals (physiological tremor) has been measured, showing modulation rates below 5 Hz [8].
