The software presented stories in standard (S) and manipulated formats corresponding to variations in fundamental frequency (F), intensity (I), duration (D), and combined cues (C) indicating modulation of pitch, loudness and length, respectively.
For instance, the presence of tremor, understood as low frequency perturbations of the fundamental frequency, can be easily noticeable since it implies a modulation of pitch as an usual effect of laryngeal muscles improper activity.
A modulation of the pitch angle of a swimming shark is expected to correspond to fluctuations in the vertical speed rate (depth changes per second).
Since speech exists over time, long connected speech stimuli appear to favor a better integration of pitch modulations, since they present much more F0 modulations than isolated words or sentences do.
Acoustic analysis of the voice aimed at detecting, measuring, or modeling instabilities due to vocal tremor is usually approached by seeking for modulations in the sequence of pitch periods (e.g. [7]).
SAP calculates the mean absolute deviation of pitch, frequency modulation (FM), Wiener entropy, and pitch goodness, and computes the Euclidean distance between these measures between samples.
Don't get me wrong, the Carbon 49 — originally announced at NAMM but available May 15 — is a decently constructed keyboard controller and it comes complete with the usual on-board tools of the MIDI trade (modulation wheel, pitch wheel, data knob).
As the sound source is rotated around a specific pivot point, it produces tremolo (the modulation of amplitude) and a variation in pitch.
This work assumed that the modulation of prosody-related acoustic parameters, such as increase of the local energy, extension of the duration, and exaggeration of pitch movements, were all asynchronous and could be modeled by CHMMs with multiple data streams.
These features are: duration, amplitude, frequency modulation (FM), pitch, Wiener entropy, mean frequency, and pitch goodness.
Although the increased CV of pitch observed in the UD-UD condition supported our hypothesis, we had some concern about making pitch measurements on syllables with high frequency modulation.
