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Our data indicate that dopamine modulation of nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex exerts a specific effect on choice behaviour distinct from pure learning.
The mood-dependent modulation of nucleus accumbens activity in our study highlights a potential mechanism for inflammation-induced modulation of hedonic tone through changes in sACC influences on reward-related brain regions and might underlie anhedonia, another core feature of depression (28).
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Combining a psychometric index of risky decision-making with transient electrical modulation of the nucleus accumbens, here we reveal profound, highly dynamic alteration of the relation between probability of reward and choice during therapeutic deep brain stimulation in four patients with treatment-resistant psychiatric disease.
Our study of dynamic, unadapted modulation of the nucleus accumbens within a voluntary and relatively constrained task reveals a contrast with permanent adapted lesions in lower animals within highly learnt tasks, where impairment of risk sensitivity has been reported (Cardinal and Howes, 2005).
Cortical neurons implement a high frequency-specific modulation of subcortical nuclei that includes the cochlear nucleus.
Previously, we demonstrated that NE prefrontal transmission determines motivational salience attribution through modulation of dopamine in nucleus accumbens [17].
The same methods and procedures as described in our previous study of corticofugal modulation of contralateral cochlear nucleus were employed simply for comparison.
The distinction between primary sensory thalamus and other thalamic structures is important because only modulation of first-order nuclei, such as the MGB, indicates task-dependent modulation at an early sensory processing stage [8, 10].
Our genetic analysis of circadian Fe responses demonstrates that this novel phenotype did not result from the inactivation of a known Fe-dependent clock protein, or from a modulation of plastid-to-nucleus signalling.
Our previous study revealed that cortical neurons implement frequency-specific modulation of the contralateral cochlear nucleus [18].
With the focal electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex and single unit recording, this study examined corticofugal modulation of the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus.
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