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Of secondary interest to the current study, and linking to the previously mentioned issues about the control of attention, was the modulation of gaze and adherence to the gaze behaviour instructions.
In these cases, we often observed a different spatial pattern of modulation of gaze effect so that, for instance, fixation-related activity increased when the animal looked leftward but reaching activity increased when it looked rightward, and vice versa.
For neurons showing patterns of modulation of gaze and action epoch, which were consistent one to another (Fig. 6A), the separation between the two curves started with the beginning of fixation, as expected, and was maintained all throughout the duration of the task, suggesting that for these neurons the modulation was mainly driven by the gaze signal.
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Mean (±SD) amplitudes of modulation of gaze-velocity neurons during passive whole-body rotation (VOR ×1) and passive trunk-on-head rotation were comparable and were 11.8 (±7.6) and 9.3 (±5.8) sp/s, respectively.
Mean (±SD) amplitudes of modulation of gaze-velocity neurons and eye/head-velocity neurons to passive head-on-trunk rotation (VOR ×1) were 13.7 (±6.7) and 19.2 (±10.1) sp/s, respectively.
These results suggest that Structure 5 corresponds to a network for the context-dependent feedback modulation of eye gaze or visual attention during the task, and the other four structures index internal processes that lead to this behavioral modulation.
Third, we also conducted a voxel-wise group level ANOVA (Fig. 6) to assess the spatial topography of gaze modulations not only in V1 and V2 but also across all early visual areas, as individually defined by the wide-field retinotopic mapping.
Despite the difference with our three-dimensional reaching tasks, gaze modulation of reaching activity was similar to that we find here in V6A.
During trunk-on-head rotation (Fig. 1 B ) and head-on-trunk rotation (Fig. 1 E ), the target stayed stationary in space straight ahead of the monkeys' eyes to minimize the contribution of gaze movement related discharge modulation.
Phase and amplitude of modulation during gaze-pursuit were predicted by addition of eye-pursuit modulation and head-pursuit modulation.
For these neurons, neural modulation was still present when covert attention was shifted without any concurrent shift of gaze direction, confirming that the modulating factor is the attentional process.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com