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However, anchorage-independent modulation of extracellular conditions seems to play a crucial role in preserving a threshold for proper cellular signal input.
These enzymes are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, from food digestion to neuropeptide maturation and modulation of extracellular signaling factors [3], [4].
One possible compensatory mechanism is modulation of extracellular ligands for ApoEr2, such as apolipoprotein E (apoE) or Reelin, which are known to be important for dendritic spine formation [22], [37], [38], [39].
Our approach offers a new tool for the investigation of the biochemical composition of tumour milieu and for development of novel therapies based on the modulation of extracellular purine-based signalling.
We also propose that the mechanism by which SMS mediates the killing by neutrophils is through modulation of extracellular release of antifungal factor(s) through a PKD1-mediated mechanism.
17β-estradiol (E2) is involved in the modulation of extracellular matrix composition and function.
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Lin et al. showed that modulation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) but not JNK influenced Sp1-mediated DR5 transcription.
We have introduced a novel neuron astrocyte mass model, which combines two previously studied models [29, 30] by bidirectional neuron astrocyte coupling based on astrocytic uptake-mediated modulations of extracellular glutamate and GABA concentrations and their effect on neural activity in agreement with experimental observations [10, 37, 44, 45].
However, several active, high metabolic species with pH sensitive respiratory pigments regulate extracellular pH (pHe): active modulation of the extracellular carbonate system leads to bicarbonate accumulation and pH compensation while maintaining pCO2 values sufficiently high for diffusive CO2 flux out of the animal [fish: 20; crustaceans: 21; cephalopods: 22, 23].
The genome sequence now opens the door to experimental manipulations designed to understand how modulation of the extracellular environment affects development.
Modulation of the extracellular calcium concentration may profoundly affect the initiation and propagation of dendritic calcium spikes, as has been recently demonstrated in pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus [52].
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preparation of extracellular
transmission of extracellular
diversity of extracellular
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modulation of synaptic
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modulation of inflammatory
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