The question of which set of 'tilt angles' is the more appropriate to use in modulation models is addressed by utilizing them in a comprehensive time-dependent drift model applied to the 22-year modulation cycle of 1.2 GeV cosmic ray electrons.
A comprehensive three-dimensional modulation model is used to study the energy range of drift effects in the solar modulation of cosmic ray (galactic) electrons.
In this ab initio study a steady-state two-dimensional numerical modulation model is used which incorporates a state-of-the-art turbulence model.
The model with the lowest score, in this case the drift modulation model, is preferred.
A previously validated itch modulation model was used to create a block design paradigm in conjunction with fMRI (3T, Siemens Trio, Germany).
The probability of this parietal-to-frontal modulation model being the best-fit to the data decreased from HCs to transient PEs to persistent PEs.
We found that the drift modulation model was able to capture the proactive no-go decision dynamics significantly better than the other models based on the AIC and BIC scores and general patterns of speed and response proportions.
Nevertheless, the probability of this frontal-to-parietal modulation model being the best-fit to the data decreased in a linear fashion from persistent PEs to HCs, with transient PEs in between.
When looking within each group, the same frontal-to-parietal modulation model was the best-fit but the exceedance probability decreased from persistent PEs (82%) to transient PEs (65%) to HCs (59%), while that of parietal-to-frontal modulation increased from persistent PEs (18%) to transient PEs (35%) to HCs (41%; Fig. 3).
This experiment is intended to assess performance differences between our method of attentional modulation where models are coupled in early, i.e., before competitive hypothesis selection (see Sect. " Competitive hypothesis selection"), and the alternative where a late coupling of models is performed, i.e., after hypothesis selection.
