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The modulation mode is set 4-QAM and the maximum-likelihood decoder is applied for each subcarrier at the destination terminal.
The data rates R S R n and R R n D are set 1Mbps as BPSK modulation mode is used.
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Samples were excited by a diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser (λ = 532 nm), and the double modulation mode was used to eliminate the mid-infrared background radiation over 2 μm.
A diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser (λ = 532 nm) was used as the excitation source for PL measurements, and the double modulation mode was used to eliminate the mid-infrared background radiation beyond 2 μm[12].
Samples were excited by a diode-pumped solid state laser (λ = 532 nm), and the double modulation mode was used to eliminate the mid-infrared background radiation over 2 μm.
Considering the MCS schemes described in the IEEE n standard, as shown in Table 1, three different modulation modes are utilized including BPSK, QPSK, and M-ary QAM.
In noncontact mode, the so-called frequency-modulation (FM) mode is typically used.
where is the maximum priority of real-time connections, is the data rate of connection in the highest modulation mode, and is the data rate of connection in the th frame. is the normalized data rate and the connection with high received SNR results in higher priority.
When the tip touches the surface, it oscillates in the liquid, and the frequency modulation (FM-AFM) mode is used to record changes of the oscillating properties of the cantilever.
However, our proposed WF-BEM is still much better than WF-LS in 16QAM modulation mode, there is more than 3 dB SNR gain.
The EA (2 Hz in frequency, 150 μs in width, and modulation in mode) was applied, and intensity of stimulus caused the muscle to twitch.
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