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The spatial modulation length is approximately ~1µm which corresponds to a characteristic myofibril diameter.
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Furthermore, for high-speed modulation, shorter cavity length is favored.
The results show that the gain narrowing and gain saturation effects will be reduced largely when a SSFBG, which has a proper refractive index modulation distribution, chirp coefficient and length, is used.
Although a modulation speed of 120 GHz is possible, the interaction length is 60 μm when achieving a 3-dB modulation (corresponding to 0.05 dB/μm).
Their complexity is, where is the data block length, is the channel impulse response (CIR) length and is the modulation alphabet size.
4 In an earlier approach [46], a short window length was chosen, too short to resolve the 4-Hz modulation.
Improving the model behavior in the saturation operating region by accounting the channel pinch-off displacement, channel length modulation is studied and implemented as well.
where T is the modulation length of rotational frequency, f0 and f1 represent the lower and upper bound of the modulation frequency, and T1 is the time to switch the frequency from upsweep to downsweep.
The equi-affine arc-length is roughly linearly related to time, exhibiting a minute effect of the described modulations in affine speed.
The method for reducing the errors introduced by the channel-length modulation is to impose to the current mirror an output voltage that set V DSO ≅ V DSREF.
The MOS transistor has finite output impedance due to channel-length modulation, which is analogous to base-width modulation in the bipolar transistor.
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